1. SUB-CULTURE
Sub-culture and counter-culture are two concepts that have many similarities. The definitions of the two concepts are very diverse and sometimes overlap. One definition of subculture refers to the cultural variations displayed by certain segments of the population (Komarovsky and Sargent in Jenks 2004). In society consisting of various sub-groups, which have the characteristics of their own way of thinking and behaving, sub-cultures within culture are generally called subcultures (Mercer in Jenks 2004). In other words, there is a sub-culture within a dominant culture.
Example:
A Subculture of Fun and Lively Mods in Japan In Japan, subcultures tend to be long-lived. This principle also applies to the mod subculture. This British subculture which is now more than 50 years old is still alive thanks to Manabu Kuroda. face of scene mods and organizer of Tokyo's annual vespa race event, MOD MAYDAY. VICE Japan hangs out with Kuroda (known as "Manabu K.Dove") and talks about The Jam, the classic Vespa scooter and why fashion mods are still popular.
The early mods movement started in the '64 and then started to fade in the late 60s. But then 10 years later there was a revival movement. In the UK, this second wave is considered a revival because of their history with this subculture. But given that 60s British and 60s Japanese cultures were very different, when the mods subculture arrived in Japan, it was considered a novelty.
In Japan, the new mod culture really started in the 80s.
In England, mod culture deals with issues of discrimination, problems with Northern Ireland and political issues. We in Tokyo are obviously interested in the problems happening in England, but we are also aware that there are things we don't understand. The young generation of Japanese mods at that time also experienced many problems and was always involved in political issues. It's not just the rest of the student movement. This was very important in the 80s. From a teenager to an adult, I have always been interested in fashion and culture, but also aware of the important political issues of the time.
2. COUNTER-CULTURE
Counter-culture According to Dessaure (1971, in Desmond, McDonagh and O'Donohoe, 2000) refers to a coherent system of norms and values that not only differs from the dominant system (read: subculture) but also consists of at least one norm or value that requires a commitment to cultural change, which is aimed at transforming the dominant system of values and norms. Counterculture is seen as a value system that is coherent and substantively different from the mainstream. In this definition there is a spirit of change for its adherents and has implications for a critical awareness. In addition, for adherents of counter-culture there is a sense of wanting to be recognized and trying to continue to challenge the mainstream (Desmond, McDonagh and O'Donohoe, 2001).
Example:
Punk Community Since its emergence in England in the mid-seventies, the punk movement has experienced developments and changes with the emergence of divisions between parties. Punk has its roots in the response of a group of British youths to the bad situation. Some of Britain's youth turned to punk music and culture to channel their dissatisfaction and frustration with an oppressive social environment. Punk children use loud punk music to express their anger at being ignored by the dominant hegemony. Because poverty is a big pressure for punks, cheap and simple objects (pins, chains, former army clothes) are used as symbols of anti-establishment.
This principle is also reflected in punk music which is cheap to make, requires no education and the main prerequisite is loud and angry. With the spread of punk to corners of the world, new elements of belief and purpose entered the punk movement. For some punks, the punk movement is more than a sign of rebellion. Punk became a network for young people around the world who care about politics. He said that with the inclusion of political thought, the punk movement moved categories from subculture/youth culture into a counter culture (culture of resistance), a forum for people who are headed for social change and wish to abolish the power of capitalism which is considered a source of oppression that must be controlled before social justice can be achieved properly. . At that time anarchist theory was combined with the punk movement and the relationship remains today.
With an understanding of the background of the punk movement outside Indonesia, I began to look at the situation in this country. How about punk here? Indonesian punks/HC are geographically remote from scenes in other countries. In the past, communication tools such as the internet were not as easy to find as they are now. Sometimes tourists bring stories about the scene in Indonesia, and before krismon getting things via mail order was much more possible than it is now. However, there is no regular, cheap and easy-to-use source of information. Another factor that greatly influenced the development of punk here was the authoritarian New Order regime that silenced political debate. For thirty-two (32) years, open criticism of social injustice cannot be done freely due to severe consequences.
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